Bluetongue virus 3 (BTV) has had devastating effects on sheep and cattle on mainland Europe. In Great Britain (GB), virus was largely restricted to the east of England in 2024 with a generally low level of clinical signs, but as we move into the new vector season the virus is known to have overwintered here and to be present in parts of the west of England, the potential impacts are now greater.
The restrictions in England last year reduced spread of virus north and west. Now there are vaccines available, licenced for use in England, Scotland and Wales, they should be considered for use across GB to provide protection to livestock health and welfare, and to reduce the spread of Bluetongue.
The pharmaceutical companies manufacturing the three BTV-3 vaccine products – Bultavo-3, Bluevac-3 and Syvazul BTV 3 – are working closely with the industry to ensure vaccine supply is available to meet demand.
Given the extent of virus spread in England and the impact that dividing the country with a Restricted Zone (RZ) has for industry, versus the now limited benefit, an all-England RZ will come into place on 1 July.
The Devolved Governments in Scotland and Wales will still require pre-movement testing of animals coming from a RZ in most cases. These requirements will be kept under regular review and are designed to strike a balance between disease prevention and the functional operation of farms and trade.
It makes for difficult decisions for farmers, markets, shows and abattoirs operating across nations, particularly in and around border areas, but the collective veterinary advice remains clear; the time for vets and farmers to discuss vaccinating livestock against BTV-3 is now.
The primary purpose of vaccination is to protect animal health and welfare, not to facilitate trade. Vaccination is the most effective tool available to prevent disease, minimise suffering, and reduce the spread of Bluetongue virus in exposed animals.
The Ruminant Health and Welfare Group have a range of Bluetongue-related resources freely available online Bluetongue Virus Hub – Ruminant Health and Welfare. These include tools to aid vets and farmers in developing farm-specific strategies to protect their herds and flocks and make decisions on the use of BTV-3 vaccines.
The situation is being regularly reviewed and guidance will be adapted as evidence and circumstances evolve.
Bluetongue is a notifiable animal disease. If you suspect it you must report it immediately by calling the Defra Rural Services Helpline on 03000 200 301. In Wales, contact 0300 303 8268. In Scotland, contact your local Field Services Office. Failure to do so is an offence.
